Just one day after receiving final approval from Texas regulators, Sempra Energy completed its acquisition of Energy Future Holdings Corp., the bankrupt owner of 80 percent of Oncor.

“The completion of this acquisition – the biggest in our 20-year history – represents an important milestone in the execution of our growth strategy moving forward,” said Debra L. Reed, chairman, president and CEO of Sempra Energy. “We expect the addition of Oncor to diversify our base of U.S. utility earnings and create a broader platform for our expansion in the future. Oncor is an exceptional utility and we plan to provide the support it needs to continue to safely and reliably meet the needs of its millions of customers and the expanding economy in Texas.”

Oncor will remain in Dallas, and Allen Nye, Oncor’s senior vice president and general counsel, will become Oncor’s CEO. Former CEO Bob Shapard is now the company’s chairman.

NextEra Energy had sought to purchase the company last year for $18 billion, but the Public Utility Commission of Texas shot them down twice.

Afterward, Oncor drew the attention of multiple suitors, starting with a $9 billion bid from Berkshire Hathaway. That bid was soon topped by a proposal by Elliott Management Corp 11, the largest creditor of Energy Future Holdings Corp., for $9.3 billion.

Sempra’s $9.45 billion bid came just hours before a purchase hearing deadline in August. A person familiar with the matter said Elliott’s public bid allowed Sempra to quietly work on its bid for weeks.

Sempra’s bid was approved by a bankruptcy court.

Combining component parts into hybrid systems to reap the benefits has always been an attractive prospect. In the past years, successful projects have come online for both solar-plus-storage and wind-plus-storage — the resiliency of battery energy storage combined with the financial boost from power generation.

So what does hybrid refer to in the world of energy storage? While the idea isn’t new, the technology is still in an early phase, only really being explored for grid applications in the past couple of years. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) can refer to several different types of set up; the point in common is that two or more types of energy storage are combined to form a single system.

There is no single energy storage solution that is ideal for every grid-scale application. As explained by Greentech Media, they “are typically designed for high-power applications (i.e., “sprinter” mode that provides lots of power in short bursts) or energy-dense applications (i.e., “marathon” mode that provides consistent lower power over long durations), and there are lifetime, performance, and cost penalties for using them in unintended ways.”

HESS typically combine both “sprinter” and “marathon” storage solutions to fulfill applications that have diametrically opposed requirements; e.g. fast response vs peak shaving. The potential for value stacking immediately jumps to mind.

Hybrid storage offers other avenues for cost reductions; two or more systems can share much of the same power electronics and grid connection hardware, reducing both upfront and maintenance costs. Three types of hybrid storage have started to appear past the pilot stage:

Chinese inverter manufacturer Sungrow has leaned on its joint venture with Samsung SDI to supply both inverters and lithium batteries to a large-scale energy storage project in Japan.

Hokkaido, the northernmost of Japan’s main islands, has been deploying renewables at pace, particularly since the creation of the current feed-in tariff (FiT) policy in 2012. The region only has old-fashioned undersea cables to interconnect it with the rest of Japan.

As with the rest of Japan, Hokkaido’s local grid network is maintained and operated by a utility, Hokkaido Electric Power (HEPCO). Long-running issues of grid constraints, both perceived and real, led to some of the 10 regional utilities calling for a temporary halt to new solar farm approvals in 2014.

In response, HEPCO started looking at energy storage, deploying a 60MWh flow battery in 2015 and a 102.3MW solar PV project combined with 27MWh of battery storage is underway from SB Energy – the renewables arm of Japanese firm Softbank – and Mitsubishi UFJ Leasing, as reported by Energy-Storage.News in late 2017. HEPCO also added various technical requirements for renewable energy plant installations to obtain grid connections, including curtailing the offtake of power from solar or wind in times of overproduction and requiring energy storage to mitigate the variable output of the generators.

Sungrow said it will supply a full turnkey energy storage system for the island, with around 30MWh storage capacity and 23 containers of inverters. It will utilise lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries from the Sungrow-Samsung SDI joint venture. The JV began a series of demonstration energy storage projects in China in April 2016.

Engie last week made official its agreement to acquire a majority stake in Electro Power Systems, a French-based energy storage and microgrid company with projects in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa.

The acquisition aligns with a strategy Engie announced in 2016 “to become leader of the world energy transition.” The EPS deal, originally announced in January, kicks off the last leg of Engie’s three-year, $12.5 billion investment plan.

“It’s a full ‘3-D’ vision. D as in ‘decarbonization.’ D as in ‘decentralization.’ And D as in ‘digitalization,’” Thierry Lepercq, executive vice president at Engie in charge of research, technology and innovation, told Greentech Media in early 2017. The EPS investment is the latest indication of this vision becoming a reality.

The purchase also reaffirms a several-year trend of large energy companies, especially in Europe, pouring money into customer energy management.

“As of right now, building out a distributed practice for these European energy giants will not result into a multibillion-dollar business in the near term,” said GTM Research grid edge analyst Elta Kolo. “Rather, acquisitions and large investments are expected to continue throughout 2018 as these energy giants seek to remain on top of emerging activity at the grid edge and in tune with where competitors are concentrating.”

EPS joins the Engie portfolio at €9,5 ($11.70) per share and joins recent solar additions Fenix International and SoCore and 2016 acquisitions including OpTerra, Ecova and Green Charge, which have been rebranded under Engie. The French utility said it will continue to list EPS shares.

Kolo said that after a spate of acquisitions and investments, 2018 will be a big year for consolidation. Companies are also likely to continue eyeing investments and acquisitions in energy storage, e-mobility, demand response, energy efficiency, smart home and residential retail spaces.

The Valuation Office Agency (VOA) is calling on the sector to engage with the development of business rates that will be applied to energy storage projects in 2022, including those attached to subsidy-free solar farms.

The division of Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs (HMRC) is currently investigating how to apply new rates to the revenues accrued by energy storage technologies, including standalone and co-located projects with all generation technologies, Solar Power Portal has learned.

Following last year’s widely reported and controversial review, which saw a ‘solar tax hike’ of six to eight times the previous levels applied to existing solar installations, the VOA is now casting its eye towards energy storage, which currently are not included in the business rating list at all.

The new rates to be applied to storage for the first time are likely to impact subsidy-free solar farms currently being developed.

Historically, business rates have been applied to the subsidy payments made to solar projects under the Renewable Obligation and feed-in tariff schemes. However, with the UK moving to a subsidy free environment, these are likely to be applied only to the generation capacity of the solar park that it exports to national or distribution grids.

With many of these projects planning to use battery storage to build a subsidy-free business case, the VOA is seeking out where new battery projects are being planned or built and if they are co-located with solar farms.

Using technology and revenue values in 2020, two years before the next review as set in legislation, rateable values could be applied in two ways to these projects. The VOA is considering the use of a capital expenditure or contractors’ revaluation, taking into account a range of initial project costs to form an annual equivalent of business rates applied to revenues.

We hear from Ram Ramachander, Chief Digital Officer & Chief Commercial Officer for Social Innovation Business, at Hitachi Europe Ltd about how it is aiming to deliver future-focused battery storage solutions.

Maintaining a stable supply of high-quality electricity is becoming a greater global challenge as larger amounts of renewable energy are introduced to the power grid. High-quality electricity, both stable in voltage and frequency, is essential as a power source and the demand for new energy storage systems to overcome this challenge is rising. Ram Ramachander, Chief Digital Officer & Chief Commercial Officer for Social Innovation Business at Hitachi Europe Ltd, highlights the efforts of the Japanese tech giant to develop new battery storage solutions, the expansion of smart metering and electric mobility initiatives, and considers what the future for energy holds…

“Connectivity, and access to unprecedented amounts of data, is revolutionising many industries, and energy is no exception. Digitalisation is transforming the way we generate, distribute and manage energy. Artificial intelligence and machine learning enable predictive maintenance across entire energy networks, whilst battery storage technology is allowing renewable energy to be integrated. In our homes, smart meters are being installed and electric vehicles are being purchased. Together, these advancements are democratising energy, empowering consumers to become ‘prosumers’ – people who both produce and consume energy. With such constant change, where will the next development happen? These issues, and many more, are explored in a recent white paper created by Hitachi in partnership with Frost and Sullivan. The research highlighted three areas where innovation is happening at a rapid rate: the boom in battery storage, the expansion of smart metering and the age of electric mobility.”